A nurse is assessing a 7-day-old infant. The nurse detects a soft murmur. The nurse notifies the primary care physician because the nurse is aware that fetal shunts are closed in the infant at what point in time?
a. When the umbilical cord is cut
b. Within several days of birth
c. Within a month after birth
d. By the end of the first year of life
B
In the normal neonate, fetal shunts functionally close in response to pressure changes in the systemic and pulmonary circulations and to increased oxygen content. This process may take several days to complete. With the neonate's first breath, gas exchange is transferred from the placenta to the lungs. The separation of the fetus from the umbilical cord does not contribute to the establishment of neonatal circulation.
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The nurse is evaluating the patient's understanding of his new diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Which statement reflects an understanding of the disease process?
a. "My body lacks an appropriate response to invading bacteria." b. "My body produces an immune response to my own cells and tissues." c. "My body immediately produces a protein that is specifically designed to fight off an antigen." d. My body has a delayed response in which lymphocytes attack whole cells like bacte-ria."
A patient is diagnosed with valvular heart disease after experiencing rheumatic heart fever. The nurse understands this disorder is caused by what action?
1. molecular mimicry 2. release of hidden antigens into the circulation 3. biologic changes that cause self-antigens to produce autoantibodies 4. autoimmune response by slow-growing mycobacteria
The nurse is preparing intravenous medications for administration. Which of the following should the nurse be aware of when preparing these medications?
a. A heparin or saline lock provides continuous venous access without the need for a continuous IV. b. When giving IV push medications into a continuous infusion line, allow the fluid in the primary line to continue dripping. c. When giving IV piggyback medications, the primary solution should be higher than the secondary solution. d. Wear gloves when administering an IV pig-gyback medication.
The members of a team have achieved their goals and begin to review their activities and evaluate their progress and outcomes. The team is most likely in which stage of the team process?
a. Norming c. Forming b. Adjourning d. Storming