Discuss global population growth since World War II, and compare the impact of population growth in developing and industrialized nations since World War II
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER:
Whereas population growth in the nineteenth century was highest in wealthy countries, since World War II it has been highest in poor nations. Industrialized nations have made the demographic transition (lower fertility and mortality rates), with a resulting reduction in population growth. Population growth has slowed because of rising marriage age, fewer children per marriage, higher female employment rates, increased use of contraception, family planning, and social welfare policies. In developing nations, declining mortality rates have combined with high birthrates to create a population explosion. As much as 95 percent of future population growth will take place in developing countries. In extreme cases, government policies aimed at population control have led to infanticide (as in China) and forced sterilization (as in India). Both developed and developing nations face their own unique problems for the future. Soaring population levels place great strain on agriculture, health care, education, and the infrastructures of countries already burdened with the problems of development. A higher percentage of young people in developing nations also means a greater need to create new employment opportunities. In developed nations, the high percentage of older citizens places a greater strain on social welfare systems.
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