Because the associated nephropathy is an important cause of end-stage renal failure in children and adolescents, a toddler who has had an uncomplicated bout of urinary tract infection (UTI) should still be evaluated for
A)
urethrovesical reflux.
B)
vesicoureteral reflux.
C)
neurogenic bladder.
D)
detrusor muscle instability.
Ans:
B
Feedback:
Urethrovesical reflux occurs when urine from the urethra moves into the bladder. Vesicoureteral reflux occurs when urine moves from the bladder into the ureter. Vesicoureteral reflux is the most commonly associated abnormality in UTIs. Reflux nephropathy is an important cause of end-stage renal disease in children and adolescents; children with a relatively uncomplicated first UTI may turn out to have significant reflux. Therefore, even a single documented UTI in a child requires careful diagnosis. Functional obstructions include neurogenic bladder, infrequent voiding, detrusor (bladder) muscle instability, and constipation.
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