Define national security intelligence and criminal intelligence. What is the difference between national security and law enforcement? According to Richard Best, what two channels of information should law enforcement plan and develop?
What will be an ideal response?
• National security intelligence is gathered to defend the nation? it is not used in criminal prosecutions and is not subject to legal scrutiny.
It is a system of agencies and networks that gather information about threats to the country – any threat or potential threat is examined under the auspices of national defense intelligence.
• Unlike criminal intelligence, people and agencies gathering defense information do not need to suspect any criminal activity.
• The FBI is empowered to gather defense intelligence.
• Criminal intelligence is gathered by law enforcement and prosecuting attorneys? it cannot be gathered, analyzed, or stored without reason to believe that a crime is about to take place or has taken place.
• Criminal intelligence is information gathered on the reasonable suspicion that a criminal activity is occurring or about to occur.
• It is collected by law enforcement agencies in the course of their preventive and investigative functions.
• It is shared on information networks such as the Regional Information Sharing System (RISS).
• Agencies must suspect some violation of criminal law before they can collect intelligence.
• Richard Best argues that national security differs from law enforcement.
• In police work, officers react to information provided voluntarily.
• Police actions are governed by the rules of evidence, and the ultimate purpose is to protect the rights of citizens, including those who have been arrested.
• National security intelligence, on the other hand, is used to anticipate threats.
• It uses aggressive methods to collect information, including, at times, operations in violation of the law.
National security intelligence is ultimately designed to protect targets, not individuals' rights.
Using Best's insight, law enforcement should plan and develop two channels for information.
• One channel should be aimed at law enforcement intelligence, that is, the types of information police agencies collect? this information is based on criminal activity and the protection of individual rights.
• It is governed by the rules of evidence? yet police agencies will inevitably come upon defense information, especially when monitoring community indicators.
• Much of this intelligence will not be used in criminal investigation.
• At this point, state and local police agencies should be prepared to pass such information along to defense sources.
• These two paths for information, one for criminal investigation and one for national security, can serve as the basis for dealing with intelligence collected by state and local police agencies.
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