A nurse is conducting a class for nursing students about fetal circulation. Which statement is accurate about fetal circulation and should be included in the teaching session?
a. Oxygen is carried to the fetus by the umbilical arteries.
b. Blood from the inferior vena cava is shunted directly to the right ventricle through the foramen ovale.
c. Pulmonary vascular resistance is high because the lungs are filled with fluid.
d. Blood flows from the ductus arteriosus to the pulmonary artery.
C
Resistance in the pulmonary circulation is very high because the lungs are collapsed and filled with fluid. Oxygen and nutrients are carried to the fetus by the umbilical vein. The inferior vena cava empties blood into the right atrium. The direction of blood flow and the pressure in the right atrium propel most of this blood through the foramen ovale into the left atrium. Most of the blood in the pulmonary artery flows though the ductus arteriosus into the descending aorta.
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