After an episode of shock, a patient's laboratory results reveal elevated serum levels of ammonia and bilirubin and decreased plasma proteins and clotting factors. The nurse recognizes that these abnormalities indicate damage to which of these organs?
a. Heart
b. Intestines
c. Kidneys
d. Liver
ANS: D
The liver may be injured both by ischemia and by toxins created by the shock state as blood is circulated through it for cleansing. Signs and symptoms of liver injury include decreased production of plasma proteins; abnormal clotting, because clotting factor production by the liver is impaired; and elevated serum levels of ammonia, bilirubin, and liver enzymes.
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The nurse explains that according to the intrapersonal theory, addiction is caused by early childhood rejection. These substance abusers are thought to have common characteristics that include:
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As schools and faculty attempt to address the cheating problem, they continually face obstacles. What obstacle, reported by research, must faculty deal with?
A) Students who report others are reluctant to provide the name of the cheater. B) Students want to report cheaters anonymously. C) Lack of creditable evidence of cheating D) Confidentiality issues related to punishing cheaters