The nurse is caring for a patient to ease modifiable factors that contribute to pain. Which areas did the nurse focus on with this patient?
a. Age and gender
b. Anxiety and fear
c. Culture and ethnicity
d. Previous pain experiences and cognitive abilities
ANS: B
Some examples of modifiable contributors to pain are anxiety and fear. The nurse can take measures to ease the patient's anxiety and fear related to pain. Age, gender, culture, ethnicity, cognitive abilities, and previous pain experience are all nonmodifiable factors that the nurse can help the patient to understand, but the nurse cannot alter them.
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