What was the most devastating and deadly action undertaken by the immediate successors of Columbus in their interactions with American Indians?
A) the ruthless and violent suppression of a rebellion in Higüey in 1502 by Spanish governor Nicolás de Ovando resulting in the deaths and public display of 600–700 Indians
B) the killing of 80 Indian district chiefs in 1503 by Governor de Ovando through a ruse involving the organization of an ostensibly friendly meeting with these district chiefs
C) the bringing of European diseases such as smallpox and measles and other diseases, of which the American Indians had no immunity
D) the refusal of the immediate successors of Columbus to trade goods with the American Indians
Answer: C
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