How did the federal courts develop historically?
What will be an ideal response?
The Preconstitutional Era used the Articles of Confederation as a governing document.
Development of the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan was in response to key issues that were missing in the Articles of Confederation.
Postconstitutional Era addressed the Supreme Court and created a judiciary that was independent from the other branches of government.
Article III states federal judges are appointed for life and salaries cannot be reduced by the president or Congress. Federal judiciary can be expanded through legislature and Congress must approve.
Judiciary Act of 1789 established the organization of the federal courts and the Judiciary Act of 1891 divided the U.S. into 13 judicial circuits.
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Which of the following is not typical of pre-service training?
a. It is often provided to police, jailers, prison staff, or probation and parole officers. b. It is often provided in 2-4 hour blocks. c. It addresses internal and external diversity. d. It is rarely provided as an initial training and is rarely flowed up by additional trainings.
The U.S. Supreme Court has held that _____ are entitled to the assistance of counsel.
A) all defendants B) all defendants sentenced to at least one day of incarceration C) all defendants facing anything greater than a petty misdemeanor D) all defendants facing felony charges
Educational programs in longer-term correctional facilities are often ______.
A. less rigorous than traditional schools B. aligned with grade-level standards C. monitored by state education officials D. included in prerelease planning
The antisocial personality concept seems to mesh with what is known about chronic offending. Which percent of chronic offenders exhibit sociopathic behavior patterns?
a. 20 b. 40 c. 60 d. 80