Albert Bandura differs from Skinner on all the following points except:
a. in the study of human subjects in interaction with others.
b. in the study of observational learning.
c. in emphasizing learning as a function of reinforcement.
d. in emphasizing learning without directly experiencing reinforcement.
ANS: C
FEEDBACK: Although Bandura agreed with Skinner that much learning takes place as a result of reinforcement, he also stressed that virtually all forms of behavior can be learned without directly experiencing any reinforcement. Bandura's approach is also called observational learning, indicating the importance in the learning process of observing other people's behavior.
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Motives that guide us toward seeking positive social rewards are called __________ social motives, whereas those that guide us to behaviors in order to move away from negative social consequences are known as __________ social motives.
A. extrinsic; intrinsic B. primary; secondary C. approach; avoidance D. drive reduction; incentive
Abraham Maslow was associated with _____ psychology
a. psychoanalytic c. behaviorist b. individual d. humanistic
Compared to people with low self-efficacy, people with high self-efficacy
a. are able to ignore stress. b. are more susceptible to stress-related psychological illness. c. have a tendency to view stressful situations more as challenges than as obstacles. d. are more vulnerable to stress-related physical illness. e. have fewer stressors in their lives.
Which of the following would be true if the number of hours students spend watching T.V. is negatively correlated with their grades in school?
a) Students who watch less TV would have the higher grades. b) Students who watch more TV would have the higher grades. c) TV viewing would not be related to grades in any systematic way. d) TV viewing would be the independent variable in the study. a) Students who watch less TV would have the higher grades. b) Students who watch more TV would have the higher grades. c) TV viewing would not be related to grades in any systematic way. d) TV viewing would be the independent variable in the study. Answer: a