How can an understanding of the neurotransmitters important in the function of the basal nuclei contribute to an understanding the underlying cause for Parkinson's disease?
Two distinct populations of neurons exist: one that stimulates neurons by releasing acetylcholine, and another that inhibits neurons through the release of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). Under normal conditions, the excitatory interneurons are kept inactive, and the tracts leaving the basal nuclei have an inhibitory effect on upper motor neurons. In Parkinson's disease, the excitatory neurons become more active, leading to problems with the voluntary control of movement. Treatment directed at increasing the supply of GABA is being investigated actively.
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A. adipose cells. B. liver cells. C. intestinal mucosa cells. D. muscle cells. E. lymphoid cells.
A(n) ________ removes hydrogen ions and a(n) ________ releases hydrogen ions
A) acid; base B) base; acid C) compound; element D) element; compound E) molecule; acid
Gastric mixing is
a. primarily in the body of the stomach b. a result of the stomach's contents being tumbled back and forth in the fundus c. able to combine food and gastric secretions to form a liquid known as chyme d. both a and b e. all of the above
What two species are affected by scrapie?
What will be an ideal response?