It is a mistake to see lynchings as spontaneous eruptions of ______, although they were often portrayed as such—especially by many Southern newspapers. Instead, we must recognize that lynching often served some very real social, political, and economic goals.

a. hand selected individuals
b. communal violence
c. controlled violence
d. none of the above


b. communal violence

Criminal Justice

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Penal reformers used the reformatory plan to develop new ideas about the nature and purposes of imprisonment. Which of the following principles was NOT part of the reforms? a. Young offenders must be segregated from the corrupting influences of adultcriminals b. Delinquents need to be removed from their environments and imprisoned for theirown good and protection

c. Sentences should be indeterminate. d. Reformatories should be built in the countryside and labor, education and religion should constitute the essential program of reform. e. Strict corporal punishment should be used whenever rule violations are committed.

Criminal Justice

Under Texas law, any firearm, regardless of whether it is loaded or not, is considered to be a "deadly weapon."

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

Documents that require proof of their authenticity are called:

a. Forged documents b. Unauthenticated documents c. Self-authenticating documents d. Best evidence

Criminal Justice

When a person reads a shoddy report by an officer, the reader may question the officer's

a. intelligence. b. education. c. competence. d. intelligence, education, and competence. e. none of the other choices.

Criminal Justice