Develop a list of examples of how client problems can develop through the processes of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modeling.
What will be an ideal response?
A few examples of these types of learning include:
• Classical conditioning – People may associate substance use with certain social situations, and thus become “conditioned” to desire the substance whenever they are in those situations.
• People may have an experience of acute anxiety in a situation (such as at a park, where they are threatened by a dog) and then tend to become anxious whenever they are in an open space. More generally, people associate traditional celebrations, seasons of the year, and certain dates with life events and behaviors, and thus they may be at greater risk for problems at those times (such as becoming depressed each spring, or being prone to anger on the anniversaries of someone’s death).
• Operant conditioning – There are countless examples of situations in which problem behavior is reinforced (rewarded), such as when a young child’s acting out behavior in school is rewarded by peer approval, or excessive anger is reinforced by the person’s getting what he or she wants in that situation.
• Modeling – Much behavior is learned in this manner, such as “modeling” parental attitudes about members of other races and ethnic groups, modeling peer behavior toward authority figures, and modeling drinking behavior that is displayed by a significant other.
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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
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What will be an ideal response?
An individual having recurrent and intense sexual urges, fantasies, and behaviors that tend to be a source of much disruption, dysfunction, and pain to many people and to those close to them is said to have:
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