The level of proof for a criminal conviction is called

a. beyond the shadow of a doubt.
b. beyond reasonable suspicion.
c. preponderance of evidence.
d. clear and convincing evidence.
e. beyond a reasonable doubt.


Answer: e. beyond a reasonable doubt.

Criminal Justice

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All but which of the following are elements of kidnapping?

a. Taking b. Carrying away c. Without consent d. For purposes of sexual intercourse

Criminal Justice

Which theory would help explain why large retail stores and movie theaters are more likely to have crime than individual residences?

a. Rational Choice Theory b. Crime Pattern Theory c. Routine Activities Theory d. Routine Pattern Theory

Criminal Justice

Weber identified three sources of authority, one of those being non- traditional authority, illustrated by kings and queens

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

A vision statement is

a. more philosophical than a mission statement. b. the same as a mission statement. c. a review of a department's past. d. unnecessary for police departments.

Criminal Justice