Shaping a behavior that is not likely to occur spontaneously is accomplished by:
a. self-actualization.
c. variable-interval reinforcement.
b. successive approximation.
d. accident or luck.
ANS: B
FEEDBACK: Animals and humans demonstrate many more complex operant behaviors that have a much lower probability of occurring in the normal course of events. Skinner presented the method of successive approximation, or shaping, so that an experimenter or a parent can reinforce and condition a pigeon or a child to perform behaviors that are not likely to occur spontaneously.
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