Which of the following is (are) NOT characteristic(s) of the pathways activated by second messengers?
a) Each signaling pathway consists of a series of distinct proteins that operate in sequence.
b) Some phosphatases and protein kinases in the pathway have numerous proteins as their substrates; others act on only a single protein substrate or a single amino acid of a protein substrate.
c) Alterations in the conformations of signaling proteins are often accomplished by protein kinases and protein phosphatases that, respectively, add or remove phosphate groups from other proteins.
d) Each protein in the pathway typically acts by altering the conformation of the previous (upstream) protein in the series, an event that activates or inhibits the protein.
Ans: d) Each protein in the pathway typically acts by altering the conformation of the previous (upstream) protein in the series, an event that activates or inhibits the protein.
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Use the phylogenetic tree below to answer the following question(s).
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Which of these is an example of temporal isolation?
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