If someone with type 1 diabetes has nausea and vomiting, weakness and fatigue, as well as excessive hunger and thirst, but does not have a fruity or acetone odor on their breath, they may have
a. hepatic encephalopathy.
b. diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
c. hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS).
d. hypoglycemia.
C
Nausea and vomiting, weakness, fatigue, polyphagia, and polydipsia can all be symptoms of both HHNS and DKA. However, with DKA the breath smells fruity because of ketones. If this is ab-sent, the patient has HHNS. Hypoglycemia would be characterized by hunger, confusion, trem-bling, and erratic behavior. Hepatic encephalopathy is not associated with diabetes.
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