Unlike innate immune responses, which can begin within hours of the onset of an infection, adaptive immune responses involving T cells usually take several days
What accounts for this delay between the initiation of an infection and the engagement of an adaptive immune response?
What will be an ideal response?
First, antigen needs to be transported to a nearby secondary lymphoid tissue, processed, and presented by antigen-presenting cells to naive CD8 or CD4 T cells for T-cell priming. Second, the number of T cells specific for a given pathogen will be only around 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 100,000 (10–4 to 10–6) of the circulating T-cell repertoire; thus it can take some time before the relevant T cells circulating through the secondary lymphoid tissues reach the tissue containing the antigen that will activate them. Finally, it takes several days for an activated T cell to proliferate and differentiate into a large clone of fully functional effector T cells.
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