Describe the symptoms, prevalence, and treatments for major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern.
What will be an ideal response?
During the winter months at higher latitudes (areas closer to the poles of the earth), the reduction in daylight hours can interfere with circadian rhythms and thus lead to major depressive disorder (MDD) with seasonal pattern. Several mechanisms appear to lead to seasonal depression. Serotonin levels typically drop in the fall and winter, and people vulnerable to seasonal depression might experience a greater than normal decrease. Seasonal depression might also be influenced by disruptions in melatonin release caused by uneven patterns of daily light. Serotonin not only serves as a precursor for melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland, but its own synthesis is activated by light. Seasonal depression is treated by exposure to bright lights, with or without melatonin supplementation and antidepressants.
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Mia has lived in New York City all her life. She has noticed that people from upper Manhattan walk really fast, but people from lower Manhattan tend to walk slowly. Mia's observations are likely influenced from a judgment error based on her using
A. the law of large numbers. B. an atmosphere effect. C. an illusory correlation. D. the falsification principle.
Antidepressant medication tends to increase the concentration of __________ in the brain
a. dopamine c. acetylcholine b. serotonin or noradrenaline d. norepinephrine
Let's say we could teach a dolphin to understand the difference between the sentences "The parrot kissed the dolphin" and "The dolphin was kissed by the parrot." If this were demonstrated, it might mean the dolphin had an understanding of _____
A) phonemes B) morphemes Incorrect. Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning in a language. C) syntax Correct. Syntax is the system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences. D) pragmatics
Cindy brought a fake rubber snake into the lab where her rhesus monkeys lived. Most of the monkeys responded with fear vocalizations, but one did not. Cindy knew this monkey had been in a lesion experiment prior to coming to her lab, but she didn't know what type of lesion had been done. What would you tell Cindy about her monkey?
A. He probably didn't have a lesion at all, as ignoring fake snakes is considered normal for rhesus monkeys. B. He probably had a lesion in the hippocampus of both hemispheres. C. He probably had a lesion in the amygdala of both hemispheres. D. He probably had a lesion of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.