Following the Citizens United case, corporations can ______.
a. contribute no money to interest groups
b. contribute no money to advertising for or against presidential candidates
c. spend money straight from their treasuries on advertisements for or against political candidates right before an election
d. spend no money on scientific research involving animal experimentation
c. spend money straight from their treasuries on advertisements for or against political candidates right before an election
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Opinion leaders are:
A. well-known people who are able to influence others. B. limited to political figures. C. limited to media figures. D. unlikely to participate in elections. E. limited to religious figures.
The "traditional" amendment ratification method involves:
A. a three-fourths vote in the Senate in favor of the proposed amendment. B. a three-fourths vote in the House of Representatives requesting Congress to call a national convention. C. a two-thirds vote in the Senate and in the House of Representatives in favor of the amendment. D. a vote by two-thirds of the state legislatures requesting Congress to call a national convention. E. a vote by three-fourths of the state legislatures in favor of the proposed amendment.
When one conducts a political poll, the entire group which is to be measured is
A) a universe. B) a sample. C) a cluster. D) a quota. E) a topic.
The idea that mass media tends to reinforce what people already believe and rarely changes people's minds on issues is called
A) the mass society thesis. D) the minimal effects thesis. B) realism. E) the hypodermic model. C) fascism.