A four-year-old child is admitted to the hospital secondary to dehydration. Lab tests indicate a high hemoglobin and hematocrit, and the serum sodium is below normal levels. This fluid loss is indicative of which condition?
1. Hypernatremia
2. Metabolic acidosis
3. Hypotonic dehydration
4. Isotonic dehydration
3
Rationale 1: Hypernatremia is a condition where the body fluids are too concentrated and there is an excess of sodium.
Rationale 2: Metabolic acidosis refers to a condition where the pH of the blood is acidic.
Rationale 3: This occurs when fluid loss is characterized by a proportionately greater loss of sodium than water. Serum sodium is below normal levels. Hemoglobin and hematocrit will be high due to the loss of serum water.
Rationale 4: This occurs when fluid loss is not balanced by intake, and the losses of water and sodium are in proportion.
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