The electrical component of an electrochemical gradient is due to:
A. the use of ATP as an energy source to
drive primary transport.
B. a greater concentration of positive charges
on the side of the membrane with the lowest
concentration of protons.
C. a higher pH on the side of the membrane
with the highest concentration of protons.
D. a higher pH on the side of the membrane
with the lowest concentration of protons.
E. a greater concentration of positive charges
on the side of the membrane with the highest
concentration of protons.
Answer Key: E
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