The cause of bipolar disorder has not been determined, but:
a. several factors, including genetics, are implicated.
b. brain structures were altered by stresses early in life.
c. excess norepinephrine is probably a major factor.
d. excess sensitivity in dopamine receptors may exist.
ANS: A
At this time, the interplay of complex independent variables is most likely the best explanation of the cause for bipolar disorder. Various theories implicate genetics, endocrine imbalance, early stress, and neurotransmitter imbalances.
You might also like to view...
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) identified essential competencies that are necessary to move health care into the 21st century. The competencies consist of:
A. Employing the use of evidence-based practice (EBP). B. Providing client-centered care. C. Utilizing informatics. D. All of the above.
The nurse caring for an adult patient on the medical unit who has a seizure will document: (Select all that apply.)
a. length of time of seizure. b. location of initiation of seizure. c. whether movements are unilateral or bila-teral. d. family's reaction during the seizure. e. presence of incontinence.
To determine if a client with complaints of pain after walking 5 blocks is experiencing intermittent claudication, the nurse would ask
a. "Do you experience leg swelling?" b. "Does pain go away when you rest?" c. "Is the pain cramp-like?" d. "Is the pain in the calf muscle?"
What is the mechanism of action for cardiac glycosides?
a. Slowing the heart rate and increasing the force of the heart muscle contraction b. Increasing the heart rate and decreasing the force of the heart muscle contraction c. Directly relaxing blood vessel muscles and decreasing afterload d. Directly constricting blood vessel muscles and increasing afterload