Which type of calorimeter is best suited to measure the energy expenditure of a mechanically ventilated patient with a heated humidifier?
a. IR c. Closed-circuit
b. Open-circuit d. Double-circuit
ANS: C
Closed-circuit calorimeters can be used for both spontaneously breathing and mechanically ven-tilated patients. Open-circuit devices can also be used for both spontaneously breathing and me-chanically ventilated patients. However, special problems can arise when systems are used with mechanically ventilated patients. Some of these problems include fluctuations in FIO2, separation of the patient's inspired and expired gases from the continuous gas flow provided by the venti-lator, and handling of water vapor.
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