Identify three ways in which the evolution of photosynthetic autotrophs affected either the atmosphere
or other organisms. What will be an ideal response?
1. Photosynthetic organisms changed the atmosphere from an anerobic to aerobic atmosphere.
2. Oxygen in the atmosphere created an environment for evolution of aerobic organisms which were
capable of producing more energy for organisms’ growth snd development .
3. Oxygen in the atmosphere poisoned obligate anaerobes.
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A cluster of functionally-related genes that are regulated together and encoded into a single mRNA molecule is called a(n)
A. operon. B. repressor. C. promoter. D. operator. E. CAP.
The appearance of complex multicellular animals in the fossil record:
A. coincides with increased levels of oxygen in the atmosphere and ocean. B. occurred at about the same time as the appearance of land plants. C. occurred soon after the appearance of simple multicellular organisms. D. occurred after the appearance of complex multicellular fungi. E. coincides with time period when oxygen first began to accumulate in the atmosphere.
A typical eukaryotic cell that has an abundant supply of glucose and O2 will generate a proton gradient in its
mitochondria by ____ that is used primarily for ____.
a. chemiosmosis; substrate-level phosphorylation b. the electron transport chain; chemiosmosis c. the electron transport chain; substrate-level phosphorylation d. fermentation; NAD reduction e. glycolysis; production of CO2
On Earth, solar energy is most intense at
A. the South Pole. B. the North Pole. C. 60° North latitude. D. the equator. E. 60° South latitude.