A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Which of the following factors most likely contributed to his disease?
a. Reflux esophagitis
b. Intestinal parasites
c. Ingestion of salty foods
d. Frequent use of antacids
ANS: A
Adenocarcinomas are more prevalent in males and are associated with cigarette smoking, obesity, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Intestinal parasites, ingestion of salty foods, or the use of antacids does not lead to adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.
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The nurse, studying alternative medical approaches, learns that the Office of Alternative Medicine at the National Institutes of Health was founded in 1992:
a. to prevent Americans from engaging in alternative methods of health care. b. because many Americans are pursuing alternative methods of health care. c. because most conventional physicians are interested in alternative methods of health care. d. to regulate alternative methods of health care.
Explanation: 1. Herbs can interact with medications. 2. Because the FDA does not regulate herbal medicines, there is no assurance of standardization of their ingredients, purity, dosage, or potency. 3. It is important for the client to discuss the use of herbal remedies with prescribed medications with the healthcare provider. 4. The Food and Drug administration does not regulate herbal
medicines, and these medicines may have different ingredients, purity, dosage, or potency. 5. For most herbal remedies, there have not been sufficient clinical trials to demonstrate their effectiveness or appropriate dosage. 1. Nonpharmacological approaches can alleviate the pain. 2. Nonpharmacological approaches can delay the need for medication. 3. Nonpharmacological approaches can prevent the need for medication. 4. Nonpharmacological approaches can complement current medication therapy. 5. Nonpharmacological approaches do not cost the client anything to use or implement.
A full thickness pressure ulcer is partially covered with eschar and the surrounding tissue is reddened. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for this condition?
A. Apply an occlusive dressing B. Debride mechanically or chemically C. Saline moistened gauze dressings D. Vacuum-assisted wound closure
An instrument used for measuring temperature is called a sphygmomanometer
True False