Humans have always been motivated to seek altered states of consciousness.” Support this statement with reference to what is known regarding the use of psychoactive substances in prehistoric times.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: People have used psychoactive substances throughout history. Early in our evolutionary history, we discovered that certain plants had reinforcing effects on the way we thought and felt. Betel nuts have been chewed for their mild stimulant effects for at least 13,000 years. Peruvian foraging societies chewed coca leaves 8,000 years ago. Opium was used in Europe during the Neolithic, Copper, and Bronze Ages. With the shift from hunting and gathering to agricultural societies about 10,000 years ago, people quickly learned to make alcohol in all regions of the world. That psychoactive substances have been used universally throughout history suggests a basic motivation to alter consciousness.
Learning Objective: 12.1 Discuss the history and prevalence of drug use in the United States.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders (Chapter Introduction)
Difficulty Level: Medium
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