Explain in thermodynamic and molecular structure terms why small molecules are more readily solvated than large molecules
What will be an ideal response?
In thermodynamic terms, solvation will occur when the free energy for the solvation is negative, that is, the energy is more favorable for solvation than for staying in the solid state. Either the enthalpy term ( H), the entropy term (T S), or both, must be negative and dominate whichever of the terms might be positive. The enthalpy term will only be negative when the solvation bonds are stronger than the polymer bonds. This rarely happens. Hence, the entropy term must be more negative than the enthalpy term is positive. This can happen at high temperatures because T becomes very large. It can also happen when the entropy,
S, is large. The entropy will be large when great randomness is associated with the system. Because small polymer molecules can become more random when solvated than can large molecules, small molecules are more favorable to a dominating entropy term and will therefore solvate more easily.
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