Researchers on school reform and student learning promote that improvement in education. Which is critical to reform?
a. Legislating higher standards and consequences for non-performing schools
b. Diminishing the ability of internal stakeholders for decision-making
c. Promoting extrinsic rewards for schools
d. Supervising instruction and engagement of internal stakeholders
D
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In a(n) _______ approach, students are taught an initial set of key (or familiar) words with which to compare unknown words
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Which one of the following statements is most accurate regarding how learners often acquire procedural knowledge?
a. Learners first learn it as declarative knowledge; with time and practice, it gradually becomes procedural knowledge. b. Learners first learn it as one or more auditory images; eventually, they recode it into visual images. c. Learners initially acquire it in an automatic, "unthinking" form; eventually, it evolves into knowledge that they can talk about and describe. d. Learners are able to bypass working memory; the knowledge goes immediately from the sensory register into long-term memory.
Validity in a test is dependent on
a. stakeholders' credibility. b. students' limited resources. c. a test's ability to tell us what we want to know. d. scorer's understanding of psychological principles.
When schools refer to students with disabilities, they mean students who_____
a. demonstrate difficulty with specific learning tasks b. could benefit from mandated special education services c. receive special education services according to federal/state guidelines d. require assistance to benefit from special education