The "new look" model of cognitive dissonance postulates 4 steps that must occur for people to experience and attempt to reduce cognitive dissonance. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as one of those steps?
a. People have to feel very little guilt.
b. People have to perceive personal responsibility for a negative outcome.
c. People have to perceive that there are negative consequences to their behavior.
d. People have to attribute their discomfort to the behavior in question.
Answer: A
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Dr. Sardonicus conducted a study in which she examined the likelihood that participants would conform to the opinion of a larger group. According to the research findings of Solomon Asch, which of the following people would have been least likely to demonstrate such conformity?
A. Stavros, who was raised in Canada B. Mei, who was raised in China C. Chiumbo, who was raised in Kenya D. Nakul, who was raised in India
Ayse and Ali are discussing the causes of the high rate of depression among women. Ali points out how early childhood environment affects women's depression when they encounter stress later in life. On the other hand, Ayse thinks that higher rates of depression among women are solely due to oppression of women in a male-dominated society. Ali seems to adopt a __________ approach whereas Ayse seems to adopt a __________ approach to causes of depression.
A. biological; psychological B. diathesis-stress; psychological C. sociocultural; psychological D. diathesis-stress; sociocultural
Vygotsky emphasized that cognitive development is driven by
A) social interaction. B) parental encouragement. C) physical growth. D) emotional growth.
Candace, a five-year-old child, is asked how a cat that was raised among mice-loving animals would treat a mouse. According to Johnson and Solomon (1996), she is most likely to say that the cat would ___
a. run away from mice b. play with mice c. catch and eat mice d. ignore mice