Describe slavery in the West Indies.
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Despite the proliferation of slavery in the American mainland colonies, only a small share of African slaves was brought there originally. The expansion of sugar plantations in the West Indies under Dutch, Danish, French, Spanish, and English ownership replaced the mixed agricultural economies established by a significant number of English emigrants. Since the Indian population had been wiped out by disease and English indentured servants resisted the backbreaking work of sugar cultivation, planters began the massive importation of slave labor. By the end of the seventeenth century, the African population of the West Indies far exceeded that of Europe. Sugar, the first mass-marketed consumer good in Europe, became the fuel of empires in the Americas—Barbados alone generated more trade in 1660 than all other colonies combined
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The Christian doctrine asserting that the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit exist as a perfect unity in one godhead is (the)
A) neo-Platonism. B) heresy. C) incarnation. D) trinity. E) monophysite.
According to the text, the word gild in the term Gilded Age accurately describes the time because
A) even the wealth enjoyed by the most prosperous was mostly an illusion. B) the majority of Americans benefited from the unprecedented growth in prosperity. C) it was characterized by the rise of large and remarkably beautiful cities. D) it was marked by the technological innovations achieved at all levels of society. E) its dazzling accomplishments were like a thin veneer when compared with its many social problems.
By the 1430s, Prince Henry's captains had reached
A) the Hawaiian and Tahitian islands. B) the Madeira, Azores, and Canary islands. C) China. D) India.
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the cycles of growth and depression in the 1870s and 1880s?
a. While boom periods were pronounced, the contractions during that time period were mild and brief. b. The duration and timing of expansion and contraction had become regular and predictable in this time. c. Economic booms happened mostly because of aggressive federal intervention in the economy. d. Americans living in the late nineteenth century came to expect that hard times were likely in the future, regardless of how prosperous life seemed at the moment.