Which of the following actions occurs in many plants when CO2 concentrations are high?
A. CAM photosynthesis fixes CO2 at night.
B. Water evaporates at a higher rate than usual.
C. Guard cells lose turgor, and the stomata close.
D. Calcium ions are transported faster through the phloem.
E. Oxygen is used by plants for photosynthesis.
Answer: C
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Why might Candida albicans become pathogenic in an individual receiving antibacterial medications?
A. This fungal organism can actually utilize the destroyed bacterial cells as a nutrient source and begin to multiply out of control. This can cause a pathogenic state. B. This is an opportunistic pathogen not normally found in normal microbiota. As such, when the bacterial normal microbiota is wiped out by broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs, this opportunist can adhere to and colonize the area left behind. C. This is a usual member of the normal microbiota. However, when the bacterial members of the normal microbiota are wiped out by a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug, this fungal cell type has little to no competition for resources in the affected area. As such, it quickly overgrows and can cause a pathogenic state. D. This is a protozoan species and part of the normal microbiota. When the bacterial members of the normal microbiota are wiped out by a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug, this protozoan cell type has little to no competition for resources in the affected area. As such, it quickly overgrows and can cause a pathogenic state.
Which of the following skin defenses and its mechanism is mismatched?
A. Lysozyme; hydrolyzes peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls B. Keratinized surface; protein that provides waterproofing C. Antimicrobial peptides; disrupt positively charged bacterial membranes D. Sebum; lipid hydrolysis leads to toxic by-products that inhibit microbial growth
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty (1944) demonstrated that DNA was the genetic material by treating heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae S (smooth) strain with DNase,
thereby preventing transfer of the "transforming substance" from the killed S strain to the live R (rough) strain when the two were mixed together and injected into mice. Another way that one could demonstrate transformation in bacteria would be to extract DNA from A) an R strain and mix it with cells of an S strain. B) both S and R strains and mix it to allow recombination to take place. C) an ampicillin-sensitive strain and mix it with cells of an ampicillin-resistant strain. D) an S strain and mix it with cells of an R strain. E) None of the above are correct.
What structure of angiosperms attracts animals as a way to disperse seeds?
a. Sepals b. Anther c. Flower d. Fruit