The nurse is caring for a woman who gave birth to a preterm infant. The nurse is aware that what are possible causes of preterm delivery? (Select all that apply.)
a. Placenta previa
b. Gestational diabetes
c. Pregnancy-induced hypertension
d. Hyperemesis gravidarum
e. Chloasma
ANS: A, B, C
The predisposing causes of preterm birth are numerous; in many instances the cause is unknown. Prematurity may be caused by multiple births, illness of the mother (e.g., malnutrition, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, or infectious conditions), or the hazards of pregnancy itself, such as gestational hypertension, placental abnormalities that may result in premature rupture of the membranes, placenta previa (in which the placenta lies over the cervix instead of higher in the uterus), and premature separation of the placenta. Studies also indicate the relationships between prematurity and poverty, smoking, alcohol consumption, and abuse of cocaine and other drugs. Hyperemesis gravidarum and chloasma are not risk factors for preterm birth.
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