Empiricism was slow to spread during the Middle Ages because both Christian and Islamic philosophers ____
a. had trouble establishing empirically based philosophies that would not conflict with their religious beliefs
b. did not believe that empiricism was a useful tool
c. believed they were already engaging in empirically based philosophy and did not adopt the new methodology
d. who adopted an empirical view of philosophy were labeled as heretics and excommunicated
A
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The finding that infants spend more time looking at attractive, as compared to unattractive, faces supports the hypothesis that
a. beauty is objective. b. beauty is subjective. c. familiarity increases physical attractiveness. d. physical attractiveness increases familiarity.
Andrew was removed from class because he swore at his teacher. As a result of being removed from class activities, Andrew continues to swear at his teacher. This is an example of:
a. positive punishment b. negative punishment c. positive reinforcement d. none of the above
Most of the research on the effects of heredity on addiction has been devoted to __________
. Fill in the blanks with correct word
Which of the following choices most likely explains why even well-meaning clinicians may over-rely on their own clinical judgment rather than scientific evidence regarding treatment effectiveness?
A. They are resistant to change, especially regarding treatments they've always used. B. They already believe their chosen treatments work well, which biases their judgments of their clients' improvement. C. They assume they are smarter or more qualified than those performing the research. D. They are not paying enough attention to their clients to realize how ineffective some treatments are.