According to Freud, thinking and reasoning are controlled by the ______
a. id c. superego b. ego d. collective unconscious
B
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Margie is sure that she can never find a boyfriend who will love her like her old boyfriend did. Albert Ellis would probably help her
a. see that this is unduly pessimistic. b. focus more on positive events as well as the negative. c. consider the circumstances and avoid negative conclusions about her self-worth. d. do all of these.
His parents report that he has been this way since he was little Enzo reports having confidence in himself and his abilities. Consequently, he tends to set higher and higher goals for himself and works diligently to achieve them. Enzo likely has _____
a) a low degree of self-efficacy. b) an external locus of control. c) grown up with conditions of worth. d) a high degree of self-efficacy.
Which of the following is a risk factor for children living in conditions of inner-city poverty?
A) Violent crime is more frequent. B) Housing is often substandard, crowded, and inconsistent. C) Gangs and drug use are common. D) all of the above
Operant conditioning occurs through the mechanisms of reinforcement and punishment. What is a major difference between reinforcement and punishment?
a. Reinforcement involves increasing a behavior while punishment involves decreasing a behavior. b. Reinforcement involves decreasing a behavior while punishment involves increasing a behavior. c. Reinforcement involves stabilizing a behavior while punishment involves decreasing a behavior. d. There is no major difference between reinforcement and punishment.