In the 1970s and 1980s, job opportunities for African Americans both improved and worsened. What explains this dichotomy?
a. The migration of industrial jobs to the suburbs led to a decline of jobs in inner cities where African Americans were concentrated; at the same time, more blacks opened their own businesses.
b. The migration of industrial jobs out of the state led to a decline of blue-collar employment in inner cities where poor African Americans were concentrated; at the same time, more blacks opened their own businesses than in any other part of the country.
c. Affirmative-action programs led to more hiring of African Americans in service-sector jobs. This was an improvement in that there were new jobs created in urban areas; however, it led to a decline in wages and benefits compared to industrial jobs.
d. African Americans began to move to the suburbs where they found better-paying jobs, but many experienced discrimination and were not hired for these jobs.
b
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