Which of the following factors may stimulate pulmonary vascular spasm and cause persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn?
1. Hypoxemia
2. Hypoglycemia
3. Hypotension
4. Pain
a. 1 only
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 1, 2, 3, and 4
d. 4 only
ANS: C
Vascular spasm is an acute event that can be triggered by many different conditions, including hypoxemia, hypoglycemia, hypotension, and pain.
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