In which of the following skills do females surpass males at all ages?
A. analytic reasoning
B. verbal ability
C. visuospatial ability
D. mathematical ability
Answer: B
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When making judgments about the personalities of other people, children are biased toward __________.
A. accepting negative behavior as an indicator of the person's personality B. accepting positive behavior as an indicator of the person's personality C. viewing other people more positively than they view themselves D. viewing other people more negatively than they view themselves
Mina and Lee are siblings who live in the same home. Mina has played soccer since she was 3 years old, and Lee has played the piano since he was 4 years old. Playing soccer and taking piano lessons are differences that are examples of __________.
A. genetic variation B. non-shared environment C. an adoption study D. shared environment
Research on differences between the moral reasoning of males and females has shown that
a. there are significant differences between the moral reasoning of men and women. b. although there are small differences between men and women in some areas, the overall moral reasoning of males and females is very similar. c. significant sex differences are found in cultures that emphasize justice but not in those that emphasize care. d. no differences in moral reasoning have been identified between the sexes.
Given your overall understanding of the environmental and genetic determinants of aggression, which of the following seems the most likely explanation for the low rates of violence among cultures that explicitly teach children to fight?
A. Frequent, minor acts of aggression might lead to a quickly formed, coherent dominance hierarchy, and such hierarchies tend to reduce in-group violence. B. Most aggression is cathartically released in relatively minor incidents before it can escalate to notable violence between the group members. C. These cultures typically have the highest proportion of media that depicts the negative consequences of serious violence. D. Learning to fight early increases a child's self-confidence in their physical ability, reducing the likelihood that later disputes will make them feel threatened.