A pediatric clinic nurse is caring for several children with umbilical hernias. For which of the children does the nurse plan to educate the parents on surgical correction? (Select all that apply.)
A.
7-year-old child with 1-cm hernia
B.
Child with hernia that can't be replaced
C.
Enlarging hernia in a 2-year-old
D.
1-year-old with 0.5-cm hernia
E.
3-year-old with 2-cm hernia
ANS: A, B, C
Most umbilical hernias resolve on their own between the ages of 3 and 5 years. A hernia larger than 1.5 cm is less likely to close on its own and may need surgical correction. Surgery is considered for persistent hernias beyond the age of 5 years, incarcerated hernias (a hernia not able to be replaced in the abdomen), and hernias that enlarge dramatically. The 7-year-old, the child with the hernia that can't be replaced, and the 2-year-old with an enlarging hernia are the most likely candidates for surgical repair. The other two children will be managed with watchful waiting.
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