An otherwise healthy older adult reports having begun to experience problems "holding my wa-ter." The nurse shows an understanding of interventions that may help minimize the problem of urinary incontinency when: (Select all that apply.)
a. asking whether the client smokes tobacco.
b. assessing the average amount of caffeine the client drinks daily.
c. asking if the client has been evaluated for diabetes recently.
d. suggesting the client keep a record of the amount of fluids ingested daily.
e. reviewing the client's current medication list.
ANS: A, B, C, E
Risk factors for urinary incontinence include tobacco use, caffeine consumption, and increased urine resulting from diabetes and certain medications. Keeping record of fluid intake will have little or no impact on urine incontinence.
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