What are the true statements about inclusion and exclusion criteria? (Select all that apply.)
a. Inclusion and exclusion criteria determine the demographics of the sample.
b. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are the opposites of one another.
c. Inclusion and exclusion criteria must be mutually exhaustive.
d. Inclusion and exclusion criteria must be mutually exclusive.
e. Inclusion and exclusion criteria must address the study purpose.
ANS: A, E
A study might have inclusion or exclusion sampling criteria (or both). Inclusion sampling criteria are those characteristics that a subject or element must possess to be part of the target population. Exclusion sampling criteria are those characteristics that can cause a person or element to be excluded from the target population. For age, for instance, "excluded if under the age of 18" and "included if over the age of 18" are not acceptable exclusion/inclusion criteria because they are not mutually exhaustive: what should the researcher do with someone 18—include, or exclude? Similarly, "excluded if 65 or younger" and "included if 65 or older" are not mutually exclusive—again, what does the researcher do with the 65-year-old?
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