Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Soft universalism claims there are some underlying values all cultures share.
2. In the primary readings, Benedict illustrates the extent to which morality is culturally defined by referring to a Melanesian culture that displays extreme fears of poisoning.
3. In the primary readings, Rachels argues that there are no culture-neutral moral standards.
4. In Walker's narrative Possessing the Secret of Joy, the African tribal practice of female circumcision is strongly condemned.
5. Barbara Kingsolver's novel The Poisonwood Bible strongly defends the hard universalism of Nathan Price, and as such it can be viewed as a criticism of ethical relativism, because it is critical of tribal customs.


1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False

Philosophy & Belief

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a. entering or merging with b. intelligent, organic being c. randomness or chaos d. inner order or purpose

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Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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In "B ? (O ? ~K) .•. O v (K v ~B)", which column goes under K on the left-hand side of the truth table, assuming that the propositional letters are listed in the order in which they appear in the formula?

A) TTFFTTFF B) FF C) TFTFTFTF D) TFTF

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