A newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic client has been prescribed metformin. When explaining the actions of this medication, the nurse should include which statement? This medication:
A) Inhibits hepatic glucose production and increases the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to the actions of insulin
B) Blocks the action of intestinal brush border enzymes that break down complex carbohydrates
C) Increases insulin sensitivity in the insulin-responsive tissues—liver, skeletal muscle, and fat—allowing the tissues to respond to endogenous insulin more efficiently
D) Acts like a hormone released into the circulation by the gastrointestinal tract after a meal, especially one high in carbohydrates, which amplify the glucose-induced release of insulin
Ans: A
Feedback:
Metformin, the only currently available biguanide, inhibits hepatic glucose production and increases the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to the actions of insulin. Secondary benefits of metformin therapy include weight loss and improved lipid profiles. This medication does not stimulate insulin secretion; therefore, it does not produce hypoglycemia. Distractor B relates to ?-glucosidase inhibitors; distractor C relates to thiazolidinediones; and distractor D relates to incretin-based agents.
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