On a molecular level, all organisms
a. show no similarities.
b. have the same bases in DNA and RNA, the same amino acids in proteins, but use different genetic codes.
c. use different means of storing genetic information.
d. have the same bases in DNA and RNA, the same amino acids in proteins, and use the same genetic code.
e. have the same bases in DNA and RNA, but different amino acids in proteins.
D
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RNA acts at both the genetic and the functional levels
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Methanotrophs affect global temperature. This is because:
A. Methanotrophs use oxygen produced by plants to metabolize methane, thereby reducing the amount of methane in the atmosphere. Since methane is one of the greenhouse gases whose accumulation causes a rise in global temperature, its reduction by methanotrophs helps prevent global warming. B. Methanotrophs convert methane to carbon dioxide and increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Since carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases whose accumulation causes a rise in global temperature, its production by methanotrophs contributes to global warming. C. Methanotrophs convert carbon dioxide to methane and increase the amount of methane in the atmosphere. Since methane is one of the greenhouse gases whose accumulation causes a rise in global temperature, its production by methanotrophs contributes to global warming. D. Methanotrophs convert methane to carbon dioxide, thereby decreasing the amount of methane in the environment but increasing the amount of carbon dioxide there. Since both methane and carbon dioxide are greenhouse gases whose accumulation causes a rise in global temperature, the decrease in one cancels the increase in the other and methanotrophs have no net effect on global warming. E. Methanotrophs combine carbon dioxide and methane to form petroleum and in this way take both methane and carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. Since both methane and carbon dioxide are greenhouse gases whose accumulation causes a rise in global temperature, the decrease in both helps prevent global warming.
Consider the possibility of a mutation occurring in a strain of avian influenza virus which enables the bird-specific strain to readily infect humans. Such a mutation would most likely result in changes within the ________.
A. nucleoprotein (NP) B. viral capsid C. HA protein D. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
In Pseudomonas fluorescens, increases in cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate promote biofilm formation by
a. inhibiting activation of a protease that cleaves the large adhesion protein. b. affecting cell surface localization of a large adhesion protein. c. affecting secretion of a large adhesion protein. d. all of the above.