The word "penitentiary" comes from the religious term "penance"

Indicate whether this statement is true or false.


True

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The process by which a concept is converted into a variable is called ________

a. replication b. operationalization c. elaboration d. specification

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A nonrandom sample is ___________________

a. a nonrandom sample in which the researcher begins with one case, and then, based on information about interrelationships from that case, identifies other cases, and repeats the process again and again b. a sample in which the sampling elements are selected using something other than a mathematically random process c. a nonrandom sample in which the researcher first identifies general categories into which cases or people will be selected, and then he or she selects cases to reach a predetermined number of cases in each category d. a nonrandom sample in which the researcher selects anyone he or she happens to come across e. a nonrandom sample in which the researcher uses a wide range of methods to locate all possible cases of a highly specific and difficult-to-reach population

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The DEA's primary mission is to interdict drugs coming into the U.S. from foreign countries

a. True b. False

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Which of the following was not found by Kirkham (2013)?

a. Staff reported fights and assaults to avoid scrutiny and the possible loss of contracts. b. Staff abused youth in the facilities by hitting and choking them, sometimes to the point of fracturing bones. c. Turnover of staff was high. d. Food was restricted, prepared incorrectly or in an unsanitary manner, and youth were encouraged to gamble with others to win their food portions.

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