Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. The participant observation approach requires a researcher to make and record objective observations of focus group participants.
2. A commonsense theory is based on past experiences, stories, and observations.
3. According to the two-step flow theory, the media influence early adopters who then influence certain groups of publics.
4. The spiral of silence theory asserts that a new idea must pass through a sequential process with a public before it is adopted.
5. According to ELM, persuasive messages that people receive through the central route are based on mental shortcuts.


1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE

Communication & Mass Media

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Objectivity emerged as a norm in American journalism in the ______.

A. early 1800s B. years following the U.S. Civil War C. years following World War I D. 1960s

Communication & Mass Media

In Stephanie's speech on jazz dance, she tells the audience in the introduction that she is going to discuss the history of the dance, some of the techniques, and the benefits of dancing as it relates to cardiovascular fitness. What type of signpost is Stephanie demonstrating?

A. a transition B. an initial preview C. an internal summary D. a final summary

Communication & Mass Media

Asking a rhetorical question during your introduction communicates to the audience that you'd like them to be actively involved in listening to your speech

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Communication & Mass Media

Rashan thought that he would be dramatic and impress his public speaking class with his speech on dog training. He decided to bring his German Shepherd to illustrate the techniques of obedience

But during the speech, he noticed that the audience's attention was on his dog, rather than on him as the speaker. What guideline did Rashan ignore, with regard to using presentation aids? a. Do not use dangerous or illegal presentation aids. b. Never use animals as presentation aids in a speech. c. Use animals with caution as presentation aids. d. Only use small animals so you can keep them hidden from the audience until you need them.

Communication & Mass Media