Explain how the relation of hormone replacement therapy and health outcomes is complex.

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Like most aspects of development, the relation of hormone replacement therapy and health outcomes is much more complex than suggested by the initial findings Women's Health Initiative, which mostly studied women many years after the onset of menopause. More recent analyses indicate a timing effect whereby younger women (age 50-59 or within 10 years of menopause) can benefit from HRT. In these women HRT is associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease and did not increase the risk of breast cancer or stroke. Moreover, research suggests that HRT can help some postmenopausal women with health conditions such as osteoporosis, type II diabetes, atherosclerosis, and some cancers. Although little research has examined ethnic differences in the effectiveness of HRT, some studies have suggested similar effects for White and Black women. Findings such as these suggest that HRT may be a reasonable option to help manage menopausal symptoms over the short term. The US Food and Drug Administration recommends that physicians prescribe the smallest dose needed to reduce menopausal symptoms and for the shortest time. Ultimately the decision as to who should use any form of hormone replacement therapy needs to be based on the individual woman's needs, quality of life, and potential risks versus benefits.