A review of the medical record reveals that a patient has been diagnosed with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)
Which questions would the nurse ask to assess the status of this condition? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply. 1. "How often do you get up to go to the bathroom at night?"
2. "Are you still waking up at night because you are short of breath?"
3. "How long after you go to bed do you start having trouble breathing?"
4. "Do you still have to sleep on three pillows at night?"
5. "Are you still having palpitations at night?"
2,3
Rationale 1: PND is associated with fluid, but not with the need to urinate at night.
Rationale 2: PND is dyspnea that occurs an hour or so after retiring. It is caused by the redistribution of body fluids.
Rationale 3: PND generally occurs one to two hours after the patient goes to bed.
Rationale 4: Asking about the number of pillows would address orthopnea.
Rationale 5: Palpitations at night can be caused by many factors and are not specifically related to PND.
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