For Kyle, the smell of fresh baked cookies will always be connected to the memory of his grandmother. This is an example of which type of learning?
A) cognitive
B) observational
C) latent
D) associative
Answer: D
Rationale: Associative learning involves making connections between stimuli or between a stimulus and a behavior. In this example, a particular smell is associated with a particular person.
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According to the research on understanding sentences,
a. negative sentences are easier to understand than affirmative sentences. b. when a sentence has several negative terms, people's understanding of the sentence is only slightly better than guessing or chance level. c. ambiguous sentences are easy to understand, unless they are in the passive voice. d. the voice of a sentence (active vs. passive) does not influence understanding.
Josh has taken his sister Carol's favorite doll and scribbled all over the doll with a magic marker. Carol tells her brother that she hates him and pushes him to the floor. Carol's mother gets angry with Carol and tells her that "only bad people hate their brothers" and makes Carol kiss her little brother. According to Rogers, Carol may have difficulties dealing with her feelings of anger in the
future because of a. organismic valuing. b. conditions of worth. c. congruence. d. androgyny.
Emily is on a diet. For lunch she has the choice of a salad with fat-free dressing, or a fruit plate, neither of which she likes. What is this type of conflict called?
a. avoidance-avoidance c. multiple approach-avoidance b. approach-avoidance d. none of these
Tracy wants most of all to be completely honest. This illustrates Strang's:
A) basic self-concept. B) ideal self. C) social self. D) transitory self-concept.