A 45-year-old male complains of heartburn after eating and difficulty swallowing. These symp-toms support which diagnosis?
a. Pyloric stenosis
b. Gastric cancer
c. Achalasia
d. Hiatal hernia
ANS: D
Regurgitation, dysphagia, and epigastric discomfort after eating are common in individuals with hiatal hernia. Pyloric stenosis is manifested by projectile vomiting. Gastric cancer is not mani-fested by heartburn. Achalasia is a form of functional dysphagia caused by loss of esophageal innervation.
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